Gang-related organised crime in the United Kingdom is concentrated around the cities of London, Manchester and Liverpool and regionally across the West Midlands regionsouth coast and northern England, according to the Serious Organised Crime Agency. In the early part of the 20th century, the cities of LeedsBristol, Bradford including Keighley and Nottingham all commanded headlines pertaining to street gangs and suffered their share of high-profile firearms murders.

Sheffieldwhich has a long history of gangs traced back to the s in the book "The Sheffield Gang Wars", [4] along with Leicester [5] is one of numerous urban centres seen to have an emerging or re-emerging gang problem. On 28 Novembera major offensive against gun crime by gangs in Birmingham, Liverpool, London and Manchester led to arrests.

More than 1, police officers were involved in the raids. Not all of the arrests were gun related; others were linked to drugs, prostitution and other crimes.

Home Secretary Jacqui Smith said it showed the police could "fight back against gangs". Increasingly, Britain's street gangs in certain inner city areas such as London and Manchester are becoming more of a cultural transmission of America's Crips and Bloods.

Debate persists over the extent and nature of gang activity in the UK, [12] [13] with some academics and policy-makers arguing that the current focus of enforcement efforts on gang membership is inadvisable, given a lack of consensus over the relationship between gangs and crime.

According to one report, [14] Northern Ireland has over active criminal gangs as of In Belfast in particular, a report in estimated there to be approximately 80 gangs, [15] most nominally sectarian, engaged in racketeering across the city. An investigation in found that some gangs in Belfast were particularly hostile towards non-white residents of the city, with numerous cases of racially motivated violence, intimidation and extortion having been reported.

Gangs in Belfast have been involved in people smuggling and human trafficking. Although the vice industry was previously mostly on the street, in recent years it has moved indoors to residential homes and hotels and formed closer links to organised crime networks.

Trafficking gangs in Belfast, as in the rest of Northern Ireland, tend to be of Chinese or Eastern European origin, utilising local people as facilitators in their network. Inthree nights of violence in East Belfast lead to the Police Federation for Northern Ireland stating: See below for information about sectarian gangs in Northern Ireland associated with The Troubles. The Peaky Blinders were a criminal gang based in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century and, to a lesser extent, in the early 20th century.

Philip Gooderson, author of The Gangs of Birminghamstates that the Peaky Blinders originated as a specific gang, but the term later became a generic label. An earlier gang known as the Cheapside Sloggers had evolved in the s, and the term "Sloggers" meaning fighters had already become a generic local label for street gangs when the Peaky Blinders emerged at the end of the century in Adderley Street, in the Bordesley and Small Heath areas, which was an extremely deprived slum section of Birmingham at the time.

The Peaky Blinders were distinguished by their sartorial style, unlike earlier gangs. Notable members included David Taylor imprisoned for carrying a gun at 13 years old"baby-faced" Harry Fowles, Ernest Haynes and Stephen McNickle. Early in the 20th century, one of the Birmingham gangs known as the Brummagem Boys Brummagem being slang for Birmingham began to spread their criminal network from the streets of Birmingham to around the country. Helped by greatly improved transport, for the first time, regional gangs were able to expand beyond the streets that bred them.

The new connecting railway between Birmingham and London meant they could target the racecourse riches of the country's capital. Following the Handsworth riots inyoung people banded together in groups which soon turned to petty crime and robbery.

After a fall-out between members of the Johnson Crew, the Burger Bar Boys formed, taking their name from a Soho Road fast-food joint. This began a violent feud between the Johnsons and the Burger Bar Boys, which was resolved in a truce instigated by Matthias "Shabba" Thompson inwith assistance from documentary maker Penny Woolcock.

The process of forming the truce was captured in the Channel 4 documentary, One Mile Away. The increasingly collaborative relationship between the two gangs has led to some in the media describing them as more akin to a 'super gang', seeking to establish a greater national network of organised crime rather than controlling their post-code areas.

However, 20 shootings in mid onwards were linked to the feud between the Burger Bar Boys and the Johnson Crew, suggesting any truce is no longer active and the gang rivalry has been renewed. The history of Glasgow gangs can be traced back to the 18th century, although the first media recollection of Glasgow gangs was not until the s with the acknowledgement of the Penny Mobs.

It has been suggested that the rise in Glasgow gangs from the s was a result of an influx in Irish immigration [27] which included those from traditional Irish fighting gangs such as the Caravats and Shanavests. By the s many Glasgow gangs were widely viewed as fighting gangs rather than criminal gangs although there were widespread reports of extortion and protection rackets particularly in the city's East End and South Side.

One of Glasgow's most notorious gangs were the Billy Boysa sectarian anti-Catholic gang, who were formed in by William Fullerton after he was attacked by a group of Catholic youths.

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More recently an Evening Times report in stated that there were gangs in Glasgow [32] whilst an earlier report in included a map showing the location and a list of Glasgow gangs. Recent years have seen an increase in Asian gangs, particularity in the South of Glasgow. Asian gang culture, violence and crime in the city came to wider attention following the racially motivated murder of Kriss Donald by men of Pakistani origin in Street gangs in Liverpool have been in existence since the midth century.

There were also various sectarian 'political' gangs based in and around Liverpool during this period. The issues are exactly the same.

People were worried about rising youth crime and the influence of ' penny dreadfuls ' on people's behaviour. Like today, some commentators demanded longer prison sentences and even flogging while others called for better education and more youth clubs. In the early s Liverpool was tagged by the media as 'Smack City' or 'Skag City' after it experienced an explosion in organised gang crime and heroin abuse, especially within the city's more deprived areas.

As drugs became increasingly valuable, large distribution networks were developed with cocaine producers in South America, including the Cali cartel. It has also been suggested that distribution networks for illicit drugs within Ireland and the UK, and even allegedly some Mediterranean holiday resorts, are today controlled by various Liverpool gangs.

A report in the Observer newspaper written by journalist Peter Beaumont entitled Gangsters put Liverpool top how to become a full time forex trader gun league 28 Mayobserved that turf wars had erupted within Liverpool.

The high levels of violence in the city came to a head in when, following the shooting of gangster David Ungi, six shootings occurred in seven days, prompting Merseyside Police to become one of the first police forces in the country to openly carry weapons in the fight against gun crime.

In August the ongoing war between two rival gangs caused nationwide outrage, when innocent year-old Rhys Jones was shot in the neck and died in his mother's arms in the car park of the Fir Tree pub in Croxteth Liverpool.

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London was the first city documented as the world's gang capital, followed thereafter by American cities such as New York City, Chicago and Los Angeles. The history of these gangs is well documented in "London's Underworld: Three centuries of vice and crime".

On 21 Februarythe BBC reported on an unpublished Metropolitan Police report on London's gang culture, identifying separate groups see Ghetto BoysTottenham Mandem and Peckham Ok city livestock auctionwith more than a quarter said to have been involved in murders.

An in depth how to get more money in london mafia wars binary options price action system opteck street gangs in Britain", [57] which was led by Conservative leader Iain Duncan Smith in In Februarycriminologist Dr John Pitts, from the University of Bedfordshiresaid: There is no methodology to suggest where this number came stock market 1-18-08 download and how it was obtained.

Furthermore, in December in a report written by Pitts on Lambeth gangs, he claims that the dominant gang PDC from Angel Town "boasts 2, members". There is a modern history of London gangs dating from the s although many of them developed from what Britain labelled as a sub-culture, which included punksRastas and football hooligans. Two well known subcultures that had violent clashes during the Notting Hill riots in the s, Teddy Boys and Rudeboyscould well be labelled gangs in today's media.

Amongst the current London gangs whose history does go back to the s, there are the Peckham Boys and Tottenham Mandem all of which are predominantly or entirely black.

Although native British gangs are still active in the capital, There are a number of historical Asian gangs in London too, many that were initially formed to protect their local communities in forum about earnings in the binary options review to racist attacks from the native white population, gangs such as the Brick Lane Massive.

In the past decade, Tamil gang violence namely in Croydon and Wembley have been active such as the "Wembley Boys" and the how much does home depot pay per hour Snake Gang. London gangs are increasingly marking their territory with gang graffitiusually a gang name and the Post Code area or housing estate they identify with. Many gangs have a strong sense of belonging to their local areas and often take their names from the housing estates, districts and postal code areas where they are located.

In some areas the post codes act as rival gang boundaries, [66] although this is not a general rule as there can be rival gangs present within the same postal area as well as gangs that occupy multiple postal areas. Gangs in London also use handsigns and gang tattoos to denote gang membership.

The first recorded gangs in Manchester were " Scuttlers ", which were youth gangs that recruited boys and girls between 14 and 21 years of age. The gang wars in Manchester first gained national media attention in the Guardian newspaper on 7 June In the article, Clive Important things to know when buying stocks, deputy head of Greater Manchester Police CID said, "We are dealing with a black mafia which is a threat to the whole community".

The gang culture spread into many deprived areas in South Manchester. His shooting is said to have been the result of a mistaken identity for a rival gang member. To this day his fruitland livestock auction missouri s have not been found. In Aprileleven members of the Gooch Gang were found guilty of a number of charges ranging from murder to drugs offenses.

The Gooch Gang had a long-standing rivalry with the equally well known Doddington gang. The Gooch gang operated with a tiered structure. On the top were the gang's leaders, Colin Joyce and Lee Amosand below them were members controlling the supply and distribution of drugs to the street dealers at the bottom.

In addition to gun gangs, Manchester is also home to the Inter City Jibbers, an element within the city's main hooligan gang that uses football hooliganism as how to get more money in london mafia wars cover for acquisitive forms of crime. According to former Manchester United hooligan Colin Blaney in his autobiography 'Undesirables', members of the gang have been involved in serious forms of crime, such as drug smuggling from New years day trading hours westfield kotara America and the Caribbean, carrying out armed robberies and committing robberies on drug dealers.

A number of the criminal gangs in the United Kingdom specialize in the importation, production and sale of illicit drugs. Init was reported that Yardie drug gangs were present in make money with ebay dropshipping of the 43 police force areas in England and Wales.

There were raids across the city which was the latest phase of Operation Atrium, launched in to clamp down on drug-related crime in Bristol by disrupting organised gangs. More than people have been arrested in the past 18 months.

Asian drug gangs, usually of TamilBengaliPakistani and Indian descent are also present in the United Kingdom. Bangladeshi gangs are found mostly in East London.

Notable Tamil Hindu gangs include Harrow Tamils and Wembley Tamils. In London, Indian gangs are mostly concentrated in Southall, Brent and Harrow. Notable Pakistani gangs in the United Kingdom and are often associated with the importation and distribution of heroin.

Drug squad officers in claimed that Asian gangs were actively seeking to corner the heroin market. The Bombers were led by Abdullah Babysin who was said to be Britain's largest importer of heroin, he was convicted in Britain has a number of traditional organised crime firms or local British crime families. Some of the most well known include the Kray twinsThe Richardson Gang and Terry Adams Clerkenwell crime syndicate in London. Outside the capital there are the Noonan's in Manchester, Thomas McGraw from Glasgow and Curtis Warren from Liverpool who are amongst some of the most infamous.

In more recent times the emergence of organised crime groups from outside the United Kingdom has increasingly been documented in British media. Some organised crime syndicates that are known to operate in the United Kingdom include the TriadsRussian MafiaAlbanian Mafia and the Rathkeale Rovers.

Sectarian, or 'political' gangs have featured in British cities such as Liverpool in England, Glasgow in Scotland and Belfast in Northern Ireland. Belfast has been the capital of Northern Ireland since its establishment in following the Government of Ireland Act Since its emergence as a major city, it had been the scene of various episodes of sectarian conflict between its Roman Catholic and Protestant populations. These opposing groups in this conflict are now often termed republican and loyalist respectively, although they are also referred to as ' nationalist ' and ' unionist '.

The most recent example of this is known as the Troubles - a civil conflict that raged from c.

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Belfast saw some of the worst of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, particularly in the s, with rival paramilitary groups forming on both sides. Bombing, assassination and street violence formed a backdrop to life throughout the Troubles.

The Provisional IRA detonated twenty-two bombs, all in a confined area in the city centre inon what is known as " Bloody Friday ", killing nine people. The IRA also killed hundreds of other civilians and members of the security forces. Loyalist paramilitaries the Ulster Volunteer Force UVF and Ulster Defence Association UDA claimed that the killings they carried out were in retaliation to the PIRA campaign. Most of their victims were Roman Catholic civilians unconnected to the Provisional IRA.

A particularly notorious group, based on the Shankill Road in the mid s became known as the Shankill Butchers. In all, over one thousand five hundred people were killed in political violence in the city from until The Runnymede Trust suggests that despite the well-rehearsed public discourse around youth gangs and 'gang culture':.

We actually know very little about 'gangs' in the UK: We know still less about how 'the gang' links to levels of youth violence. Professor Simon Hallsworth argues that where they exist, gangs in the UK are 'far more fluid, volatile and amorphous than the myth of the organized group with a corporate structure'.

Cottrell-Boyce, writing in the Youth Justice journal, argues that gangs have been constructed as a 'suitable enemy' by politicians and the media, obscuring the wider, structural roots of youth violence.

At the level of enforcement, a focus on gang membership may be counterproductive; creating confusion and resulting in a drag-net approach which can criminalise innocent young people rather than focusing resources on serious violent crime. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revisionreviewed on 29 May Gun crime in south Manchester. Retrieved 26 September The Sheffield Gang Wars. Gangs, Territoriality and Violence.

Northern Ireland has 'more than crime gangs ' ". Retrieved 26 September — via www. Retrieved 26 September — via The Guardian. PFNI says 'gang culture' must end". The 'families' that ruled the UK's underworld". Retrieved 26 September — via IMDb. Street Gangs, Racketeering and Intimidation in the s and s". The Case of the Beehive Boys". Glasgow gangs, Gang graffiti". Retrieved 12 August Retrieved 12 May Liverpool and Merseyside news - Liverpool Echo".

Three Centuries of Vice and Crime". Retrieved 26 September — via Amazon. Retrieved 3 May How serious is the gang threat on our streets? Tom Hanks, George Clooney, Robert De". Avon and Somerset Constabulary. Retrieved 4 November Retrieved 29 January Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom.

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